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" " (江戸時代)
(1603-1868 .)

  ( ) "" .

1603 " -" (徳川 家康) "". . ɡ "-" (安土桃山時代).

  • " -" (徳川 家康) (1543-1616 )

" -" (徳川 家康) . 1605 "-" ѡ . . 1615 "-" "". "" (江戸) (: "") . . "-" 1616 ɡ .

  "-" ("") . "" .


"-" "- " (姫路城): ""  14 . "" 1608 . " " .

ϡ ""

"" "-" (大名) 80.000 ա ϡ . "" "" "". "" ɡ ... "" 270 "-" ( ) :
  • - " -": "-"
  • - " -": ɡ
  • - " -" 1600 .

  " -" (徳川 家康) . ѡ ء () "" ( "").

:

"" (武士) "-" (大名) (侍) "-" (浪人) ( ).
 

. ( ) . ( ɡ ) .


""

("-") ɡ ("") " " ( 1615 ). 1635 () "" ( "") . "- " " ".

:

"" . ǡ .

( ) ɡ ʡ .

16 (1500 ) ϡ . . . ѡ . ɡ . .

( ) . ǡ ѡ ޡ ( ). . ϡ . "" ϡ () ɡ ɡ .

. 1615 (16) . . ɡ . ͡ ϡ ɡ .


"": 1800

"" ϡ . () ̡ 17 (1600 ). ѡ .

"" "" "" . "" .

""

ϡ ɡ "" ϡ .

. ( "" ) ǡ () . ( "") (ѡ ϡ ...) . .

. (" " " "). ɡ ɡ ( ) . ѡ " " (1697-1769 ) "- " ǡ " " (1776-1843 ). ǡ : ߡ .

.


" " ( 1830 ) " " (葛飾北斎) (1760-1849 ): ""

" " "" " " (1583-1657 ) . ɡ ǡ .

ɡ . " " (1583-1657 ) ɡ " " .

"" (京都) "" (大阪) . "" (歌舞伎) " -" (近松 門左衛門) . " -" " " (松尾芭蕉) "" (俳句).

.


""

"" "" ء . "" . ( ) "" ɡ . ϡ ǡ á "17" (1600 ) .

ɡ ҡ . " ". ɡ ( ) : ݡ ޡ ɡ .
 

1853 " " (Matthew Perry) "" ("" ). . "" . "" 1854 . "" "" ɡ .
.


  " " "-" "" "" : "" ڡ ɡ .

" " (Townsend Harris) . 1858 ǡ .

"-" (徳川) (1853-1858 ) . "-" () . "" ɡ "" 1868 ( " " ). 

19 (1800 ) ɡ ɡ "" "" ǡ .

3 1868 "" ϡ ɡ ɡ ( " "). ( ) .

(). ( ) . ̡ .

19 (1860 ) . . 1858 " " ( 1854 ). (1858 ) "-" (徳川) (1824-1858 ) ǡ .

" -" (徳川 家茂) (1846-1866 ) . " " (1815-1860 ) . : " ". ʡ ɡ .

""

1860 " " (1819-1871 ) ӡ " ". . "-" . "" (1831-1867 ) : .

(" -" (木戸孝允) " -" (大久保 利通) " -" (西郷 隆盛) " " (伊藤 博文)) "" (長州) "" (薩摩) ""   . . ϡ ( 1863 ) . "" ( ) . ѡ .

"" (長州) . "-" ( ) "" : "-". 1866 "". " -" " -" .


"" " " (明治天皇)

ˡ "-" (徳川) 1866 " " (徳川慶喜) (1837-1868 ) "" (睦仁) "" (明治). ʡ "" "" (薩摩) "" "" ( . "" ɡ 19 1867 .

"" () 3 1868 . "" . ɡ ȡ .

"" (戊辰戦争)

. . " " (戊辰戦争) . .

. "" "". "" . (1869 ) "-" "". " -" "" (1869 ) .


  "" "" (薩摩) ߡ "" (戊辰戦争) 1869 .

ϡ 25 1869 . " " . "" (江戸) "" " " (東京).

 
 
 

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